The other modes are "master" (if acting as an AP) or "ad-hoc." In most cases, these drivers have been created by reverse-engineering existing drivers on other platforms. Managed mode is normal operation for most Wi-Fi use since it's required to associate to an access point. With Linux, having an available driver specific to your wireless chipset that can change from "managed" to "monitor" (RFMON) mode to perform 802.11 sniffing is extremely important. But rather than pay the hundreds or thousands of dollars to do this, we look at a much cheaper option - a self-contained Linux distribution called BackTrack that's pre-equipped with many tools and supports a number of common wireless chipsets. For a price, tools such as AirPCap, AirMagnet, Omnipeek, etc. Unfortunately, wireless drivers for Windows typically don't allow visibility to the low level where 802.11 frames reside. With the right tools, however, pinpointing connectivity issues can be made easier.
Troubleshooting Wi-Fi problems can be more frustrating than diagnosing issues on wired connections.
Getting Started with BackTrack 3 for Basic Wi-Fi Tracing
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